UVAOJ196

UVAOJ196

In 1979, Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston wrote VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet application. It became a huge success and, at that time, was the killer application for the Apple II computers. Today, spreadsheets are found on most desktop computers.

The idea behind spreadsheets is very simple, though powerful. A spreadsheet consists of a table where each cell contains either a number or a formula. A formula can compute an expression that depends on the values of other cells. Text and graphics can be added for presentation purposes.

You are to write a very simple spreadsheet application. Your program should accept several spreadsheets. Each cell of the spreadsheet contains either a numeric value (integers only) or a formula, which only support sums. After having computed the values of all formulas, your program should output the resulting spreadsheet where all formulas have been replaced by their value.

 
Figure: Naming of the top left cells

Input

The first line of the input file contains the number of spreadsheets to follow. A spreadsheet starts with a line consisting of two integer numbers, separated by a space, giving the number of columns and rows. The following lines of the spreadsheet each contain a row. A row consists of the cells of that row, separated by a single space.

A cell consists either of a numeric integer value or of a formula. A formula starts with an equal sign (=). After that, one or more cell names follow, separated by plus signs (+). The value of such a formula is the sum of all values found in the referenced cells. These cells may again contain a formula. There are no spaces within a formula.

You may safely assume that there are no cyclic dependencies between cells. So each spreadsheet can be fully computed.

The name of a cell consists of one to three letters for the column followed by a number between 1 and 999 (including) for the row. The letters for the column form the following series: A, B, C, …, Z, AA, AB, AC, …, AZ, BA, …, BZ, CA, …, ZZ, AAA, AAB, …, AAZ, ABA, …, ABZ, ACA, …, ZZZ. These letters correspond to the number from 1 to 18278. The top left cell has the name A1. See figure 1.

Output

The output of your program should have the same format as the input, except that the number of spreadsheets and the number of columns and rows are not repeated. Furthermore, all formulas should be replaced by their value.

Sample Input

Sample Output

最后一道拓扑排序了，也是Volume 2最后一道题了。。。

可是难点跟拓扑排序毛线的关系都没有。。。

这道题关键就在于数值范围太大，1000*20000， 邻接矩阵完全carry不起来，所以就得用一维数组来表示矩阵以降低时间复杂度了。

大概思路就是用数组和map互相映射构成图，再套个拓扑排序模板就行了。